IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVl/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  awid  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtaiit  the  best 
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reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


□ 


D 


D 
D 
D 
D 

D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurte  et/ou  pellicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□   Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
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Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relii  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  iiure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible  these 
have  been  omitted  from  fiimlnf)/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  4tA  film^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'll  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqufo  ci-dessous. 


r~~|   Coloured  pages/ 


^ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 


I      I   Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


Pages  restaur6es  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachet^es  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 


Ty|   Showthrough/ 
jlU   Transparence 


I      I   Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppiimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 


The  c< 
to  the 


The  in 
possifa 
of  the 
filmini 


Origin 
beginr 
the  lai 
sion,  ( 
other  I 
first  pi 
sion,  I 
or  illui 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partieilement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuiilet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmies  it  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meiileure  image  possible. 


This  item  Is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmi  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiqu*  cidessous 

10X                           14X                           18X                           ZIX 

28X 

SOX 

/ 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  la 
shall  c 
TINUE 
whichi 

Maps, 
differs 
entlrel 
begini 
right  a 
requiri 
metho 


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IS  details 
ques  du 
nt  modifier 
Kiger  une 
ie  fiimage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanlcs 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  aire  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  film6  f ut  reproduit  grflce  A  la 
ginArositi  de: 

BIbliothdque  nationaie  du  Canada 


Les  Images  suivantes  ont  it^  reproduites  avec  ie 
plus  grand  soln,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  netteti  de  l'exemplaire  fiim6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  ies  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fiimage. 


d/ 
qu6es 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  Impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  ia  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimie  sont  fllmAs  en  commenpant 
par  Ie  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  ie  second 
plat,  salon  Ie  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  f  ilmts  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ►  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  Ie 
cas:  Ie  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  Ie 
symbols  y  signifie  "FIN". 


taire 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  In  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  rMuction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  Ie  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  11  est  f  ilmA  it  partir 
de  Tangle  supArleur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  Ie  nombre 
d'images  nAcessalre.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
lliustrent  la  m^thode. 


I  by  errata 
med  to 

nent 

une  peiure, 

fapon  A 
I. 


1  2  3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 

^ 


C.  W.  KEMPTON. 

ARTHUR   THACHER. 

61  BROADWAY,  Room  25,  NEW  YOf!K. 


OK 


FRYE'S   ISLAND, 


ALSO  CALLED  LTTANO  ISLAND, 


J 


N.  W.  SHORE  OF  THE  BAY  .OF  FUNDY,  N.  B. 


ITB   MINERAL   RESOURCEB.    AS   SEEN   ON   A    CURSORY   EXAMINATION, 

ACCOMPANIED   BY   THE   REPORT  OF   PROFESSOR  BAILY,  TO  THE 

LIEUTENANT    GOVERNOR    OF     NEW    BRUNSWICK  ;      CAPT. 

KEY,  MINING  ENGINEER  AND  SUPERINTENDENT  ,*  THE 

STATE   GEOLOGIST  OF     THE    PROVINCE  OF  NEW 

BRUNSWICK,  PROF.    HIND,   AS  MADE  TO  THE 

PROVINCIAL     SECRETARY,     AND     THE 

STATEMENT  OP  HENRT  FEYE,  ESQ. 

THE  PROPRIETOR  OF  THE 

ISLAND. 


By  DR.  LEWIS  FEUOHTWANGEB, 

Chemist,  of  Ncw-TITork. 


NEW-YORK : 

D.  MURPHY'S  SON,  PRINTER,  65  FULTON  STREET. 

1866. 


i    '   *       .     *     * 


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REPORT- 


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Having  collected  in  my  late  visit  to  Fryes  Island  a  great  va- 
riety of  interesting  and  useful  minerals  from  the  surface,  and 
brought  to  this  city  a  number  of  barrels  for  inspection  and 
special  examination,  became  convinced  that  Fryes  Island 
contains  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  economical  minerals,  such 
as: 

1.  Sulphate  of  Bai*yta,  commonly  called  Barytes,  of  a  snow 
white  color  and  opaque,  saw  about  20  tons  on  the  surface  scat- 
tered at  the  opening  of  the  vein. 

2.  Galena,  or  argentiferous  lead  ore,  from  several  locations, 
yielding  84  per  cent,  lead  and  considerable  silver. 

3.  Fluorspar,  sometimes  called  the  mother  of  metalliferous 
veins,  of  white  and  purple  color  and  compact. 

4.  Limestone,  white  and  blue,  as  also  calcareous  spar  in  great 
abundance. 

5.  Yellow  Ochre,  a  large  belt  and  deposit,  a  fine  yellow  pig- 
ment. 

6.  White  Quartz  or  Flint,  immense  ledges  for  porcelain  and 
potteries. 

7.  Auriferous  Pyrites  or  gold  bearing  quartz.  Besides  com- 
mon Iron  Pyrites  or  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  Copper  Pyrites,  Blende, 
Talcose  Slate,  Felspar,  Porphyry,  &c.  &c. 

Fryes  Island  or  L'Etano  or  Cailiff  Island  extends  three 
and  a  half  miles  in  length,  and  one  mile  in  width,  is  situated  on 
the  S.  W.  coast  of  the  province  of.New  Brunswick,  and  S.  E. 
of  Mascaban  Peninsula ;  joins  the  main  land  by  a  bar,  passa- 
ble from  three  quarter  ebb  to  a  quarter  flood,  or  from  three  to 
four  hours  every  tide.  The  distance  of  this  island  to  Eastport, 
Maine,  is  about  fifteen  miles,  and  from  St.  John,  N.  B. 
about  45  miles.  Geologically  the  Island  belongs  to  the  meta- 
morphic  series  of  rocks,  or  upper  silurian  and  are  similar  to  the 


greater  portion  of  the  K.  W.  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy ;  they 
are  composed  of  quartzitic,  fclspathic,  Bhlstose,  trappean  and 
calcareous  rocks,  with  many  mineral  veins  running  through  it. 

The  general  direction  of  the  strata  is  E.  N.  E.  and  W.  S.W. 
dipping  nearly  vertical,  sometimes  inclining  K.W.  and  at  others 
6.  E.  as  may  be  seen  by  the  annexed  map.  On  the  N.W.  side 
hornblende  i  <>k  and  purple  slate  and  conglomerate  skirt  the 
shore,  followed  on  the  S.  E.  by  felspathic  porphyritic  rocks 
of  great  thickness  at  the  N.  E.  and  narrowing  to  the  S.W. 
where  it  is  succeeded  by  shistose  strata.  Abutting  on  the  slate 
is  a  band  of  crystalline  limestone  averaging  near  1000  feet  in 
thickness,  varying  in  color  fi'om  white  to  dark  blue,  this  is  fol- 
lowed by  a  band  of  slate ;  then  comes  a  ridge  of  highly  altered 
rocks,  rising  at  the  highest  elevation  to  the  height  of  200  feet ; 
against  this  on  the  S.  end  shore  of  the  island  lies  shaley,  sandy  and 
calcareous  strata,  mostly  in  thin  beds,  much  contorted,  contain- 
ing fossils  belonging  to  the  Silurian  series  (favositagothlantica.) 

Several  lodes  of  fine  white  barytcs,  quartz  and  fluor- 
spar are  visible  on  the  surface,  but  the  valuable  metalliferous 
veins  were  not  known  before  the  summer  of  1862 ;  after  the 
discovery  of  the  harytes  vein,  which,  from  distance  looked  like 
snow,  displayed  an  8  foot  vein,  and  from  thence  galena  was 
discovered  at  several  points.  In  the  same  lode  of  barytes  are 
also  seen  fluorspar,  quartz,  oxide  and  sulphuret  of  iron,  with 
manganese  in  dentritic  form  ;  it  turns  off"  easterly  across  a  lime- 
stone strata,  at  an  angle  of  60©,  and  joins  another  vein  about 
10  feet  distant  on  S.  E.  side,  both  carrying  barytes,  but  not 
having  gone  into  the  ground  the  contents  are  not  suflSciently 
known  save  the  quartz  and  calcareous  spar,  M'hich  with  the 
barytes  compose  the  outer  surface. 

A  great  many  outcroppings  appear  S.  W.  different  from  others  • 
hitherto  seen,  such  as  cellular  quartz,  containing  oxide  iron 
with  defined  walls  of  limestone,  others  again  have  a  good  wall 
of  quartz  and  fluorspar,  having  lead,  copper  and  zinc  in  small 
patches.  A  cut  was  made  lately  about  three  feet  deep,  and  a 
pure  white  and  purple  and  greenish  fluorspar  and  galena  was 
struck  in  a  small  string  and  is  accompanied  on  each  side  by  a 
decomposed  limestone. 

Several  veins  of  both  laminated  and  broken  up  ochre  occur 


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at  an  elevation  of  the  limestone  ridge  at  the  head  of  the  mill 
pond. 

The  mill  cove  is  an  arm  of  the  sea,  having  a  flowage  of  about 
50  acres  with  head  of  water  from  18  to  20  feet  according  to  the 
rise  of  the  tides,  and  this  will  give  abundant  never  failing  water 
power  for  preparing  the  minerals  or  ores  for  market  as  well  as 
for  manufacturing  purposes.  In  the  felspathic  rocks  many 
veins  of  white  quartz  occur  but  of  not  so  regular  a  structure  afl 
that  found  in  the  limestone.  The  slate  also  has  veins  and  is 
full  of  iron  pyrites,  a  vein  of  a  foot  thickness  of  sulphuret  of 
iron  has  lately  been  found  in  the  southern  part  of  the  island. 
It  will  be  seen  on  a  fair  and  impartial  examination  that  Fryes 
Island  has  given  prima  facie  evidence  of  a  vast  mineral  deposit 
in  its  bowels,  and  requires  but  the  developement,  and  cannot 
but  prove  very  profitable  to  those  entering  into  its  merits.  The 
further  proof  of  the  appreciation  of  the  valuable  deposits  on 
this  Island  are  herewith  given  by  Professor  Bailey,  who  reports 
to  the  Lieutenant  Governor  of  the  Province  on  the  Mines  and 
Minerals  of  New  Brunswick,  as  follows : 

"  Fryes  Island,  called  also  L'Etang,  is  separated  from  the 
main  land  by  what  is  known  as  the  Black  Bay,  a  sheet  of  water 
perhaps  a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide  at  the  point  where  we  crossed, 
there  we  found  the  lead  lodes  situated  in  a  bed  of  compact 
almost  crystalline  limstone,  forming  a  part  of  the  metamorphic 
series  of  rocks,  which  occupy  and  traverse  the  south  eastern 
shore  of  New  Brunswick  ;  the  lodes  are  composed  of  quartz, 
principally  with  fine  white  heavy  spar  or  barytes  and  a  little 
fluor.  This  lode,  at  the  point  where  it  is  now  laid  bare  was  by 
measurement  about  8  feet  wide.  It  has  been  uncovered  in 
part  for  about  fifty  feet,  having  in  its  length  a  varying  thick- 
ness of  from  six  to  eight  feet,  at  the  point  where  the  lode  has 
been  uncovered  another  lode  approaches  from  the  S.E.  and  joins 
the  first,  whose  course  is  about  E.N.E.,  this  2d  lode  has  a  thick* 
ness  of  about  six  feet,  and  like  No.  1  is  composed  of  barytes  and 
quartz.  In  the  angular  space  included  between  the  two,  the 
country  rock  limestone  again  appears.  Lode  No.  2  is  surround- 
ed by  a  bed  of  ironstone  and  slate  about  three  feet  wide  and 
this  again  by  three  feet  more  of  limestone  ;  then  follows  lode 
No.  3  six  feet  wide,  composed  of  the  same  material  as  beforo 


I 


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8 

and  purBuing  a  course  nearly  parallel  to  No.  2 ;  the  remainder 
of  the  rock  is  covered  with  soil.  Besides  the  lodes  just  de- 
scribed indications  of  others  have  been  found  but  have  not  been 
thoroughly  explored.  The  point  above  referred  to  is  but  a  few 
yards  distant  from  an  arm  of  the  bay,  left  bare  at  low  water, 
but  filled  at  high  tides,  across  which  a  tide  dam  was  once  con- 
structed, but  soon  gave  way,  being  completely  destroyed  by  the 
ravages  of  the  marine  worms ;  there  is  a  kiln  within  a  few  feet 
of  the  lodes  and  some  lime  has  been  burnt  there.  The  locality 
is  very  favorably  situated  for  the  working  of  either  lead  or 
limestone,  as  the  rock  or  ore  could  be  readily  shipped  within 
a  very  few  feet  of  where  it  is  first  raised.  Indeed  the  working 
of  the  two  might  be  profitably  done  in  conjunction,  provided 
the  amount  of  lead  should  prove  considerable,  a  point  upon 
which  without  further  exploration  it  is  impossible  to  decide. 
The  beds  of  Barytes  will  also  prove  valuable.  So  far  as  I  could 
judge  from  the  indications  thus  exposed,  the  prospects  are  very 
favorable  for  an  abundant  supply  of  lead,  and  I  can  hardly 
doubt  that  it  will  be  found  in  quantity  on  this  Island,  especial- 
ly as  it  is  now  being  raised  to  advantage  in  the  vicinity  of 
Eastport,  Me." 

"  The  main  lode  has  a  coui*se  about  E.  N.  E.  being  nearly 
unformable  in  direction  to  the  limestone  strata,  manv  of  which 
somewhat  softened  and  decomposed  are  found  enclosed  in  the 
quartz,  fluor,  which  constitute  the  filling  matter  of  the  lode. 
The  other  lodes  are  parallel  to  each  other  and  approach  from 
the  S.  E.  The  barytes  is  white  and  tabular,  and  the  fiuor  is 
found  of  a  violet  or  amathystine  color,  resembling  the  variety 
called  chlorophane.  On  the  shore  at  a  short  distance  a  lode  is 
seen  pursuing  the  same  easterly  course  as  the  main  lode  alrea- 
dy described,  and  is  probably  continuous  of  it,  a  little  further 
on  are  numerous  quartz  lodes  passing  through  slates  and  asso- 
ciated with  numerous  trapdykes ;  the  slates  are  highly  pyriti- 
ferous.  Limestone  also  appears  and  alternates  with  chlorite  and 
talcose  slates ;  this  limestone  at  one  point  was  seen  to  be  well 
charged  with  galena ;  still  ftirther  around  the  tongue  of  land 
where  these  lodes  occur  are  seen  some  beds  of  verde  antique, 
farming  a  good  and  handsome  marble,  and  also  some  seams  of 
asbeitoB.'' 


der 
Je- 
en 

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Capt.  Eej,  Snperlntendant  of  Mines  and  Mining  Engineer, 
speaks  of  the  survey  made  by  him  of  L'Etang  Island,  thus: 

"tieveral  large  mineral  lodes  have  been  discovered  on  the 
shore  of  the  S.W.  extremity.  Two  large  veins  or  lodes  have 
been  opened  embedded  in  crystaline  limestone,  these  veins  are 
from  6  to  10  feet  thick,  containing  quartz,  calcareous  spar, 
sulphate  of  barytes,  fluor,  galena,  iron  pyrites  and  blende,  im- 
bedded in  crystaline  limestone.  Several  tons  of  minerals  have 
been  broken  from  this  place,  containing  a  considerable  quanti- 
ty of  galena  or  lead  ore  of  good  quality.  Ten  feet  south  of  this 
pit  is  another  large  lode  running  a  little  more  northerly  and 
forming  a  junction  with  the  last  named  lode,  a  short  distance 
east  of  the  present  openings,  where  a  deposit  of  minerals  may 
reasonably  be  expected." 

"  From  the  very  strong  and  mineralized  appearances  of  the 
lodes,  containing  so  much  fluor  (which  is  a  great  feature)  and 
surrounded  with  other  most  influential  characters,  I  should  not 
be  feel  surprised  at  meeting  with  some  rich  silver  ore,  and  the 
great  advantage  on  every  side  for  water  power,  to  make  the 
ores  marketable  as  well  as  for  transit,  it  gives  this  Island  one  of 
the  greatest  advantages  desirable  for  the  saving  of  land  carriage 
as  well  as  for  the  easy  development  of  its  mineral  resources, 
which  if  properly  carried  out  will  undoubtedly  remunerate  the 
outlay  of  capitalists." 

The  Rev.  William  Elder,  A.M.  states  that  he  met  Capt. 
Key  in  the  neighborhood  who  informed  him  that  he  had  hardly 
ever  seen  more  undoubted  indications  of  an  abundant  deposit  of 
galena  of  good  quality,  and  has  expressed  his  convictien  that 
the  ore  would  ere  it  reached  a  great  depth  be  found  to  carry  a 
considerable  quantity  of  silver ;  the  same  opinion  was  inde- 
pendently expressed  by  Capt.  Simmons,  who  is  a  practical 
miner  of  great  experience  and  high  standing ;  Capt.  Key  stated 
to  him  that  were  such  a  mineral  property  as  L'Etang  in  Wales 
it  wotdd  be  held  to  be  worth  a  large  sum  of  money.  The 
barytes  or  heavy  spar,  which  forms  one  of  the  matrix  rocks  of 
the  galena  is  of  snow  white  color,  and  that  mining  operations 
in  L'Etang  could  be  carried  on  with  great  economy  as  regards 
the  price  of  labor,  &c.  and  with  every  facility  either  for  the 
smelting  or  shipment  of  materials. 


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Prof.  A.  A.  Hays,  of  Boston,  speaks  of  the  ores  and  the  re- 
sults of  liis  analysis: 

"  Oalena  in  quartz ;  a  soft  fine  granular  galena  which  yields 
ed  him  %^^  per  cent.  lead.  Geld  QuaHz  yielded  him  126  grains 
of  g(^ld  fron  2000  parts  or  pounds,  all  the  gold  was  contained 
in  the  pyritons  iron  present  and  none  in  the  metallic  state,  it  is 
prohable  however  if  this  ore  could  be  found  and  Bcparatcd  from 
the  <jiiartz,  it  would  prove  highly  valuable.  In  the  quartz  it  is 
diffused  in  small  proportion. 

As  regards  the  limestone  which  when  burnt  yields  a  very 
pure  material,  and  is  highly  praised  for  all  chemical  purposes 
and  mortar  and  cement,  of  which  15000  barrels  alone  are  annu- 
ally sent  by  Mr.  Kandall  of  I/Etang  tothe  Boston  market,  and 
it  is  80  remarkably  pure  that  100  parts  yield  after  burning  54.30 
quicklime,  and  according  to  Dr.  Jackson  the  L'Etang  marble 
contains  98  per  cent.  carb.  lime,  which  is  considered  far  supe- 
rior to  Thomaston  Lime. 

Fryes  Island  can  furnish  easily  100.000  barrels  to  be  delivered 
in  New- York,  and  realize  a  very  large  profit,  for  Mr.  R.  inform- 
ed me  that  he  paid  for  freight  25c.  per  barrel  to  Boston,  barrel 
and  material  to  bum  does  not  cost  30c.  and  which  sold  for$1.62 
the  barrel." 

In  Prof.  Hind's  Report  on  the  Geology  of  Kew  Brunswick, 
which  was  made  to  the  Provincial  Secretary  in  1865,  as  State 
Geologist,  the  following  remarks  were  made  in  regard  to  Fryes 
Island: 

"  Fryes  Island  lying  S.  E.  of  Mascaban  Peninsula,  is  remark- 
ably interesting  in  its  geological  aspect.  Some  of  its  limestone 
and  grits  in  the  eastern  side  are  fossliferous,  on  the  western 
side  the  limestone  is  crystaline.  The  lead  veins  have  not  yet 
been  suflSciently  explored  or  opened  to  express  an  opinion  of 
their  probable  productiveness,  but  the  minerals  with  which 
they  are  associated,  fiuorspar  and  sulphate  of  baryta,  the  fine 
ochres  on  the  walls  of  a  trapdyke,  the  denuded  surface  of  the 
limestone  itself,  and  the  fossliferous  character  of  same  portion 
of  the  belt,  all  invest  the  Island  with  peculiar  intere&t,  and 
creates  a  suspicion  that  the  age  of  the  rocks  on  Fryes  Island 
may  belong  to  the  middle  rather  than  the  upper  siluvian  series." 
As  regards  the  barytes  Professor  Hinds  states  that  the  heavy 
spar  or  sulphate  of  baryta  on  Fryes  Island  is  likely  to  become 


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commercially  valnable,  the  facilities  for  obtaining  the  material 
and  for  exportation  being  uniiBually  good,  and  furthermore  he 
relates  that  this  mineral  (Barytes)  is  extensively  used  in  the 
arts  as  a  paint,  both  by  itself  and  for  mixing  with  other  pig- 
ments as  an  adulteration,  for  which  purpose  it  is  fitted  by  its 
great  weight.  It  enters  into  the  composition  of  the  cheaper 
kinds  of  white  lead  paint,  sometimes  to  the  extent  of  seventy- 
five  or  eighty  per  cent. ;  for  this  purpose  the  native  sulphate  of 
baryta  is  crushed,  and  if  necessary  boiled  with  dilute  muriatic 
or  sulphuric  acid  to  remove  any  metallic  oxide  which  may  dis- 
color it,  ajfter  which  it  is  ground  to  a  fine  powder.  An  artifi- 
cial sulphate  of  Baryta  is  also  manufactured  by  precipitation, 
and  is  sold  under  the  name  of  Permanent  White  or  Blancfix, 
which  is  prepared  from  the  native  sulphate  by  igniting  it  with 
charcoal,  by  which  a  sulphuret  of  barium  is  formed,  this  by 
addition  of  muriatic  acid  is  converted  into  chloride  of  barium, 
from  which  the  sulphate  is  precipitated  by  sulpharic  acid,  the 
pigment  thus  obtained  is  much  finer  thkn  that  prepared  by 
simply  grinding  the  mineral.  It  is  used  as  a  water  color,  and 
also  in  the  manufacture  of  paper  hangings  for  giving  a  peculiar 
glossy  surface. 

Having  now  related  in  a  condensed  manner,  the  opinion  ex- 
pressed by  impartial  judges  of  the  prospective  mineral  treasure 
of  Fryes  Island,  a  few  closing  remarks  received  from  Henry 
Frye,  Esq.  the  proprietor  of  the  Island,  who  is  quite  a  scienti- 
fic man,  and  from  whom  I  derived  much  information ;  the 
letter  bears  date  St.  George,  9th  July,  1866. 

*'  It  may  now  perhaps  not  be  amiss  that  I  should  write  more 
fully  as  to  the  work  that  should  be  done  for  the  commencement 
of  operations,  premising  that  as  yet  we  know  comparatively 
little  of  the  ground ;  it  is  therefore  necessary  that  a  full  survey 
should  be  made,  so  as  to  have  a  more  correct  knowledge  of  the 
best  places  at  which  to  sink  shafts  and  to  drive  ;  it  cannot  be 
thought  of  drifting  from  the  barytes  to  the  fluorhill,  the  dis- 
tance is  too  great,  being  nearly  half  a  mile.  The  strata  at  or 
around  the  barytes  vein  is  covered  with  soil  from  one  to  four 
feet  deep,  which  should  be  taken  off  before  jit  can  be  decided 
where  the  proper  place  for  sinking  is ;  whether  to  go  down  on 
the  lode  or  perpendicular  and  crosscut  in  case  of  their  being 
more  than  the  two  veins  ziow  in  sight.     . 


13 


?5  :•. 


At  the  bead  of  the  coveK  E.  from  the  barjtes  an  open  cut 
through  gravelly  and  claysoils,  for  say  100  yards,  should  be 
made  to  the  foot  of  the  hill  wherein  the  fluor  vdns  axe  situa* 
tedy  and  an  adit  level  driven  across  the  hill  intersecting  all  the 
veins.  This  cannot  be  expensive,  the  rock  being  limestone  and 
of  course  no  water  to  contend  with. 

'^  Before  this  is  done  the  ground  at  surface  should  be  exam- 
ined, so  as  to  get  a  good  place  for  sinking  a  shaft  for  drawing 
and  ventilating,  and  this  should  go  on  simultaneously  with  the 
drifting  and  could  made  in  time  to  connect  with  the  drift  by 
the  time  it  would  be  intersected.  I  consider  the  necessary 
work  in  discovering  all  the  proper  veins  should  be  commenced 
at  once,  as  it  can  be  done  by  unskilled  workmen,  and  the 
ground  could  be  ready  for  inspection  by  the  time  active  opera- 
tions are  commenced,  which  should  not  be  put  off  any  longer 
than  is  absolutely  necessary,  for  it  is  important  that  some  pro- 
gress be  made  before  frost  sets  in,  then  the  work  can  go  on  com- 
fortably during  the  winter.  I  think  therefore  that  arrange- 
ments should  be  made  at  once  for  this  preliminary  work,  the 
cost  will  be  comparatively  trifling  and  it  will  materially  expe- 
dite after  operations. 

"  I  may  state  in  conclusion  that  the  Island  is  well  adapted 
for  agricultural  purposes,  the  soil  being  good,  and  manure,  both 
vegetable,  mineral  and  marine,  abundant;  fish  of  various  kinds 
abundant  in  the  surrounding  waters — indeed  when  all  the  ad- 
vantages are  enumerated,  a  site  or  locality  for  mining  and  man- 
ufacturing purposes,  with  the  cheap  labor  ($1  per  day,)  may 
seldom  be  surpassed  or  even  equalled. 

It  will  be  necessary  to  have  a  Provincial  Act  of  Incorpora- 
tion, thus  giving  general  corporate  powers,  can  be  obtained  at 
the  Provincial  Secretary's  Office  without  any  special  legisla- 
tion." 

It  may  be  proper  also  to 'state  that  from  the  records  collected 
it  appears  that  the  Province  of  New  Brunswick  has  granted 
this  Island  to  "William  Paine,  a  retired  physician  of  the  British 
Army,  who  deeded  it  in  1822  to  the  father  of  Mr.  Henry  Frye, 
wlio  received  it  by  deed  from  him  in  1845  or  '46,  and  it  is  at 
present  in  his  name,  with  an  incumberanceofa  small  mortgage, 
which  may  be  paid  off  with  the  purchase  money,  and  the  ne- 


/ 


V 


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cedsary  papers  and  vouchers  for  a  dear  convejance  can  be  had 
at  all  times. 

Samples  of  the  various  minerals,  Inmp  and  gronnd  barytes, 
ground  yellow  ochre,  blue  and  white  limestone,  auriferous  py- 
rites, white  quartz,  sulphuret  of  iron,  may  be  seen  at  my  office. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

LEWIS  FETJOHTWANGEE,  M.  D. 

Chemist  aDd  imBcraloglst, 

New-York,  July  22d,  1866. 


4iHu-ip_--.«ij»ay. 


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Since  writing  the  foregoing  report,  I  received  a  letter  from 
Dr.  Pohle  regarding  the  Galena,  which  yields  a  larger  propor- 
tion of  silver  than  what  Dr.  Hays  obtained,  but  a  less  per  cent- 
age  of  lead ;  it  reads  as  follows : 

Laboratory  of  Julius  G.  Pohle,  M.D., 
(Formerly  of  and  Snocessor  to  Dr.  Jas.  B.  OUlton  &  Go.) 
ANALYTICAL  &  CONSULTING  CHEMIST, 

489  Broadway,  N.  W.  cor.  of  Broome  St. 

Kew-York,  August  1st,  1866. 

I  have  made  a  Fire  Assay  of  a  sample  of  Argentiferous  Ga- 
lena with  associated  gangue,  from  Fryes  Island,  N.  B.,  for  Dr. 
L.  Feuchtwanger,  and  found  it  to  yield  by  this  process  64  per 
cent,  of  Lead.  The  Lead  yielded  by  cupellation  Silver,  in  the 
proportion  of  17  ounces,  1  pennyweight  and  18  grains  to  ton 
of  2000  of  metal. 

I  have  also  analysed  a  sample  of  Iron  Pyrites  for  the  pur* 
pose  of  ascertaining  whether  it  contains  Arsenic.  A  very 
small  trace  only  of  this  latter  substance  was  detected,  less  than 
the  jifth  of  one  per  cent- 

JULIUS  G.  POHLE,  M.D. 

Late  of  Dr.  Jas.  B.  Chilton  &  Co. 

Analytical  Chemist. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  sulphuret  Iron,  which  is  in  great 
abundance  on  Fryes  Island,  contains  but  a  trace  of  arsenic, 
and  bids  fair  to  be  valuable  for  the  manufacture  of  Oil  Vitriol, 
and  an  order  for  1000  tons  at  $10  per  ton  has  been  tendered  to 
me. 

The  Barytes,  a  ton  of  which  I  had  ground  dry,  and  ex- 
hibited to  many  practical  Painters  and  dealers  in  Paints,  has 
been  universally  pronounced  equal  to  the  English  Floated  Ba- 
rytes and  superior  to  any  American. 

LEWIS  FEUCHTW4NGEB,  M.  D. 
New-Tork|  August  2d|  1866. 


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•Dr.  Lewis  Feuchtwangeb,  New- York: 

Dear  Sir, — Agreeably  to  your  wish,  I  repaired  to  Frye's 
Island  and  spent  fully  six  days  in  examining  the  deposits  of 
useful  minerals  and  their  abundance,  the  report  of  which 
examination  I  herewith  transmit  to  you. 

Before  entering,  however,  upon  this  task,  I  deem  it  neces- 
sary to  declare  that  in  all  I  have  now  to  say  I  shall  adhere 
strictly  and  purely  to  the  truth.  In  speaking  of  statistics,  of 
my  labors,  I  shall  neither  embellish  nor  underrate  facts  and 
matters ;  that  I  vouch  for  the  truth  of  every  thing  I  say, 
every  thing  being  exactly  as  represented.  Furthermore,  tliat 
I  actually  can  execute  all  operations  herein  proposed,  being 
certain  of  obtaining  the  corresponding  results  referred  to,  for 
which  I  hold  myself  personally  responsible,  as  it  is  my  fixed 
principle  to  express  my  opinions  clear  and  without  reserve ; 
to  describe  matters  which,  from  their  very  nature,  leave  no 
room  for  doubt,  as  such  ;  while  matters,  the  value  of  which 
have  to  be  determined  by  examination,  are  described  as  such, 
although  in  such  cases  I  shall  give  my  personal  view  of  these 
matters,  together  with  my  reasons  for  favoring  such  a  view. 
I  make  these  remarks  simply  because  I  know  that  some  re- 
porters speak  favorably  often  of  entirely  worthless  minerals, 
or  endeavor  to  represent  them  as  valuable  by  far-fetched, 
meaningless  phrases,  which  express  nothing  positive,  so  that 
capitalists  are  frequently  lured  into  enterprises  where  the 
loss  of  their  investments  may  be  predicted  with  certainty ;  as 
a  matter  of  course  such  reports  can  only  be  pernicious  to  the 
credit  and  enterprising  spirit  in  this  branch  of  industry. 

Mr.  Henry  Frye  showed  me  his  report  about  the  geological 
situation  of  the  minerals  of  that  locality,  which  I  found  true 
and  correct  in  all  its  details ;  I  shall,  therefore,  confine  my 
remarks  simply  to  such  parts  of  the  same  which  refer  to  the 
useful  minerals  possessing  value  in  our  markets,  taking  due 
notice  of  the  operative  branch  of  this  part  of  the  report.  I 
shall  here  follow  the  arrangements  of  Mr.  Frye,  who  denomi- 
nated systematically  the  location  of  the  veins  with  numbers. 
Vein  No.  1. — Distinctly  visible  at  the  southwest  end  of  the 


16 


Island,  where  the  same  descends  precipitately  to  the  sea  and 
is  laid  completely  bare.  It  has  a  depth  of  ten  feet,  being  54 
feet  long  at  low  tide,  i.  e.,  visible  clearly  to  the  surface  of  the 
water,  where  the  same  is  surrounded  by  chloritic  slate,  un- 
dermnning  the  surface  of  the  water,  or  rather  getting  covered 
by  the  same.  This  vein  consists  chiefly  of  qnartz,  a  small 
quantity  of  baryta,  and  a  fracture  exposes  the  occasional 
presence  of  the  accessory  iron  and  copper  pyrites,  galena 
and  zinc  blende. 

Vein  JVo.  2,  likewise  visible  from  the  southwest  end  of  the 
island,  where  it  is  traceable  to  the  lowest  slate  of  the  level  of 
the  sea,  possesses  a  thickness  of  three  feet,  consisting  of  the 
same  minerals  as  Yein  Ko.  1,  with  but  the  diflbrence  that 
the  accessory  sulphurets  of  iron,  copper  and  lead  are  visible 
in  far  greater  quantity  on  any  fracture,  forming  already  co- 
herent pieces.  This  vein,  No.  2,  measured  from  the  water 
surface  at  lowest  tide  to  the  hill  side,  which  for  some  distance 
covers  it  with  humus  and  trees,  while  on  the  west  side  of  the 
same  hill  it  re-appears,  is  340  feet  long,  and  on  breaking  it 
at  different  places  I  found  throughout  the  same  admixtures 
of  iron,  copper  and  lead  as  sulphurets. 

Parallel  to  the  two  veins  mentioned  runs  Vein  No.  3, 
north,  along  the  coast  mentioned  in  the  notes  on  Vein  No.  2, 
at  a  distance  of  four  feet  from  the  last  named,  traceable  over 
a  distance  of  more  than  500  feet,  but  three  feet  lower  than 
the  water  level  at  high  tide,  which  Covers  this  vein  three  feet 
high ;  the  vein,  though,  runs  near  the  mill-dam  under  the 
island,  where  the  same  may  be  worked  under  ground,  and  of 
course  also  under  water. 

This  vein  carries  galena  quite  distinctly,  and  in  some  places 
I  found  pieces  containing,  according  to  my  estimate,  as  much 
as  five  per  cent,  of  galena.  In  the  middle  it  is  about  6"  thick, 
in  some  places  divided  in  several  branches,  where  it  appears, 
comprising  those  several  branches,  twelve  to  fifteen  inches 
thick.  Wherever  I  opened  this  vein  I  found  galena,  but 
hardly  any  pyrites  of  iron  and  copper.  All  three  veins  men- 
tioned have  a  southwest  course.  50°  to  northeast.  The  de- 
scent, as  far  as  discernible  on  the  two  first  veins  on  the  hill- 
side of  the  island,  is  almost  vertical,  somewhat  inclined 


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towards  the  east,  while  it  is  difficult  to  indicate  the  de- 
gree of  descent  with  accuracy.  Nearer  to  the  mill-dam,  and 
visible  only  for  a  short  distance  along  the  coast,  is  a  slate, 
slippery  to  the  touch,  (although  it  is  not  properly  magnesian 
slate,)  through  which  Vein  No.  4  runs,  consisting  chiefly  of 
fluor-spar,  intermingled  for  some  distance  with  rotten  and 
disintegrated  quartz,  containing  also  traces  of  galena.  The 
thickness  of  this  vein  varies  from  four  inches  to  two  feet, 
while  its  length  is  still  unknown,  it  being  covered  for  a  great 
distance  with  vegetable  mould  ;  but  a  quartz  vein,  contain- 
ing fluor-spar,  and  visible  beyond  the  mill-dam,  possibly,  is 
the  continuation  of  that  vein,  although  this  cannot  be  stated 
with  certainty,  its  course  deviating  somewhat  from  the  course 
of  the  former  vein.  In  the  same  manner  Vein  No.  6  is  visi- 
ble for  some  distance  along  the  shore,  entering  into  the  land, 
covered  with  humus,  and  being  visible  again  about  sixty  feet 
from  the  shore.  It  appears  to  be  26  to  31  feet  thick.  All 
the  places,  where  this  vein  was  opened,  showed  compact, 
heavy  spar  (baryta)  of  excellent  purity,  which*  exhibited  only 
on  two  places  along  its  length  galena,  two  feet  thick,  amount- 
ing from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  of  the  former.  Pieces  of  ba- 
ryta, containing  galena,  weighing  about  five  tons,  were  taken 
out,  and  are  now  lying  on  the  spot. 

This  vein  has  already  been  laid  open  to  a  distance  of  40 
feet  and  along  its  entire  width,  while  twelve  feet  of  its  out- 
laying northeast  end  have  been  drifted,  without  showing  at 
that  depth  any  diminution  or  change.  On  the  contrary,  it 
seems  to  enlarge  at  that  depth,  as  if  coinciding  with  the  slope 
on  the  northwest  end.  On  the  eastern  slope  another  wall  of 
baryta  was  visible  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  at  the  time  of 
my  departure,  while  at  the  opening  of  the  shaft  the  baryta 
vein,  where  bordering  on  the  lime  vein,  runs  vertically  down, 
increasing  in  thickness  on  both  sides.  At  the  depth  of  eight 
feet  another  substance  made  its  appearance,  containing  no 
baryta,  l^ut  carbonate  of  lime,  while  between  the  two  sub- 
stances yellow  ochre  is  massed  up,  which  slightly  heated  ac- 
quires a  beautiful  red  color,  equalling  that  of  the  common 
caput  mortuum-.  The  same  ochre  appears  also  outside  of  this 
vein,  where  the  latter  separates  from  its  surrounding  lime- 


stone,  and  where,  without  any  further  expense,  this  valuable 
paint  may  be  gained  and  brought  to  market  as  yellow  ochre, 
burnt,  or  as  red  pigment. 

The  shaft  at  the  upper  opening  is  26  feet  wide,  and  carried 
down  on  but  one  side  to  a  depth  of  twelve  feet,  while  the 
other  is  but  six  feet  deep ;  the  accompanying  line-vein  not 
being  touched,  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  was  about  four  feet 
square  in  the  clear  when  I  left  the  place,  so  that,  according 
to  my  estimate,  20  tons  of  pure  baryta,  and  five  tons  of 
baryta  accompanied  by  galena,  besides  twelve  tons  of  pure 
baryta,  but  colored  somewhat  from  mud  of  the  shore  water, 
so  that  this  small  distance  furnished  37  tons  of  useful  min- 
erals besides  the  ochre,  for  the  preservation  of  which  no  care 
yet  had  been  taken.    This  deposit  of  baryta  alone,  if  utilized 
in  regular  manner  of  mining,  would,  of  itself,  render  mining 
operations  in  that  locality  profitable.     Following  up  this 
Vein  No.  5, 1  found  it  to  cut  through  the  mill-stream  at  its 
upper  end,  and  to  continue  to  the  upper  part  of  the  island, 
where,  though  covered  with  ground  and  woods,  outcroppings 
make  occasionally  their  appearance,  continuing  the  same 
course.    I  therefore  concluded  that  the  vein  beyond  the  mill- 
stream,  nearly  one  mile  distant  from  the  baryta  vein,  and 
containing  fluor-spar,  was  the  same  Vein  No.  6.    This  fluor- 
spar, beyond  the  mill-stream,  appears  to  run  in  twoparallel 
veins,  cemented,  as  it  seems,  by  carbonate  of  lime.    The  entire 
vein,  composed  of  the  two  small  ones,  measures  eleven  feet 
in  thickness,  and  both  sides  of  this  vein  are  accompanied  by 
a  fine  amethyst-colored  fluor-spar,  which  occasionally  has  a 
pink  hue,  and  of  which,  before  my  departure  from  the  island, 
about  six  tons  were  taken  out  from  a  space  of  six  cubic  feet ; 
the  vein  containing  also  near  its  limestone  border  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  galena,  rising  in  quantity  occasionally  to 
over  five  per  cent.,  while  parts  of  the  vein  contain  also  pure 
baryta. 

■•*  The  appearance  of  galena  and  baryta  at  this  spot  imbedded 
in  the  fluor-spar,  as  also  the  appearance  of  the  carbonate  of 
lime  in  the  middle  of  the  vein  on  the  one  side,  and  the  occur- 
rence of  a  little  fluor-spar  in  the  first  described  baryta  locality 
this  side  of  the  mill-pond,  furthermore,  the  accurate  course  of 


iCM 


i 


■s  t 


'^il 


t-'. 


19 


i 


this  compass  of  both  veins,  have  convinced  me  that  both  veins 
are  one  and  the  same,  extending  over  one  mile  in  length,  and 
from  eleVen  to  31  feet  thick. 

About  ten  feet  distant  from  the  baryta  mine,  not  quite 
parallel  with  the  same,  is  the  Yein  No.  6,  which  appears  to 
consist  entirely  of  baryta.  It  is  not  opened  at  any  place,  but 
wherever  I  knocked  off  a  piece,  I  found  it  to  consist  of 
baryta. 

On  the  shore  of  the  mill-pond  several  veins  of  galena  are 
visible,  which  I  pass,  as  they  have  a  different  course,  and 
don't  appear  of  much  importance. 

Following  up  on  the  other  side  of  the  mill-pond  I  come  to 
Yein  No.  7,  (having  referred  to  the  part  of  that  vein  contain- 
ing fluor-spar  as  belonging  to  No.  5, 1  shall  not  mention  it 
here,)  which  is  about  five  feet  wide  on  the  surface,  containing 
fluor-spar.  On  removing  a  small  part  I  found  it  to  be  a  vein 
of  fifteen  to  eighteen  inches  thickness,  below  which  a  cavity 
four  inches  deep  was  visible,  containing  a  yellow  ochre  and 
carbon.^ite  of  lime,  but  no  fluor-spar,  the  latter  falling  north- 
ward 45°,  over-flooding  the  lime,  so  that  the  part  of  the  lat- 
ter exposed  on  the  surface  has  been  taken  for  a  fluor-spar 
vein,  while  the  latter,  although  existing,  stretches  sideways 
from  the  vein  exposed. 

The  brow  of  the  hill  contains  vests  of  slate,  bearing  iron 
pyrites  so  far  decomposed  that  now  it  appears  simply  to  be  a 
hydrate  of  an  oxide  of  iron,  quite  soft,  and  easily  convertible 
into  ochre,  or  soluble  even  by  softening  in  water.  A  very 
curious  phenomena  occurs  at  this  spot,  namely,  a  deposit  of 
asbestos,  the  extent  of  which  I  am  sorry  not  to  be  able  to 
state,  as  I  was  driven  from  the  spot  by  a  heavy  shower.  But 
this  is  not  the  only  spot  on  the  island  containing  asbestos, 
although  Mr.  Frye  showed  me  such  also  on  the  east  side  of 
the  island. 

No.  8  is  a  vein  five  feet  thick,  having  a  S.  W.  course  65". 
No.  9  is  eighteen  feet  distant  from  No.  8,  six  feet  thick  ^ 
course,  S.  "W.  65°.  No.  10  is  33  feet  distant  from  No.  9,  two 
feet  thick ;  course,  S.  W.  60°.  No.  11  is  five  feet  thick,  34 
feet  distant  from  No.  10 ;  course,  S.  W.  60°.  No.  12  is  eight 
feet  thick,  22  feet  distant  from  No.  11 ;  course,  S.  W.  63**. 


n 


20 


No.  13  is  ten  to  fifteen  feet  thick,  34  feet  distant  from  No. 
12 ;  course,  S.  W.  57**.  No.  14  is  six  to  ten  feet  thick,  48 
feet  distant  from  No.  13 ;  course,  S.  W.  46*'.  No.  15  is 
fifteen  feet  thick,  38  feet  distant  from  No.  14. 

None  of  the  last  mentioned  veins  have  been  opened ;  all  ap- 
pear to  contain  quartz  and  a  mixture  of  baryta  and  fluor-spar, 
with  the  exception  of  No.  10,  which  has  been  opened  some- 
what, and  contains  under  the  quartz  covering  beautiful  white 
and  amethyst-colored  fluor-spar,  with  traces  of  galena.  On 
looking  over  the  occurrence  of  the  veins,  their  capacity,  the 
equality  of  their  dip,  the  similarity  of  their  contents,  as  well 
as  the  experience,  that  in  Saxony  and  Bohemia,  in  Przibram, 
(Bohemia,)  and  on  the  Harz,  the  richest  galenas,  containing 
a  great  deal  of  silver,  are  chiefly  accompanied  by  fluor-spar 
and  baryta.  I  believe,  not  to  say  too  much,  in  declaring, 
that  the  veins  of  the  island  referred  to  are  worth  being  tested 
at  their  depths  for  the  metals  they  contain,  and  I  have  all 
cause  to  expect  the  occurrence  of  rich  galenas,  especially  as 
it  occurs  almost  universally  on  the  surface. 

I  see  no  reason  for  deferring  this,  as  the  baryta  and  fluor- 
spar present  will  pay  the  greatest  part  of,  if  not  the  entire, 
expense,  and  about  the  abundant  presence  of  both  those  min- 
erals not  the  slightest  doubt  can  exist. 

To  this  may  be  added  the  favorable  circumstance  that  the 
veins  are  only  small  distances  apart,  and  if,  therefore,  a  shaft 
would  be  driven  down  to  a  depth  of  a  hundred  feet  in  the 
most  promising  vein,  the  veins  in  the  vicinity  could  be 
cheaply  examined  at  the  same  time.  Should  one  or  several 
of  the  veins  appear  worthy  of  being  worked,  the  best  of  them 
might  be  used  until  it  would  be  carried  to  the  head  or  end  of 
the  mill-pond,  where  the  ore  might  be  transported  over  the 
mill-pond  in  flat-boats,  to  be  re-loaded  from  there  into  larger 
ships.  This  much  of  the  island  L'Etang  in  regard  to  galena, 
baryta  and  fluor-spar. 

This  island  possesses  also  a  deposit  of  iron  pyrites  three  feet 
thick,  almost  entirely  free  from  foreign  minerals.  Its  exter- 
nal appearance  does  not  differ  from  the  iron  pyrites  found  in 
Colorado.  I  have  not  yet  found  time  to  examine  them  for 
gold,  but  supposed  they  are  without  any  gold,  and  also  with- 


■  ' 


21 


ont  any  arsenic ;  it  still  would  be  good  and  cheap  enough 
for  the  preparation  of  sulphuric  acid,  as  its  breaking  will  not 
cost  over  $4  per  ton.  'I  now  come  to  the  main  part — the 
lime.  A  firm,  pure  and  compact  deposit  of  carbonate  of  lime 
commences  on  the  southwest  end  of  the  island,  is  over  1,000 
feet  broad,  and  two  miles  and  a  half  long.  For  some  time 
already  some  of  the  land-owners  burn  lime,  which  they  easily 
sell.  I  have  myself  used  in  the  Lubeck  mines  and  foundries, 
where  I  am  superintendent,  for  the  last  five  years,  at  least 
200  bbls.  of  L'Etang  lime  for  the  construction  of  buildings,  for 
the  plaster  of  the  walls,  as  well  as  for  the  melting  furnaces 
and  the  chimneys,  110  feet  high ;  and  I  preferred  it  to  Rock- 
land lime,  not  only  because  L'Etang  lime  was  cheaper,  but 
because  it  was  richer,  i.  <?,,  would  stand  the  admixture  of  a 
greater  quantity  of  sand.  The  prejudice  existing  only  here, 
east  of  Maine,  according  to  which,  L'Etang  lime  cannot  be 
used  to  such  advantage  for  plaster  as  Eockland  lime,  because 
the  plaster  cracks  off  on  drying,  has  been  contradicted  by  my 
own  experience.  I  have  used  only  L'Etang  lime  for  the 
plaster  of  four  new  buildings,  and  the  plaster  of  none  of  them 
showed  cracks  up  to  this  day.  It  is  only  requisite  to  add  a 
larger  quantity  of  water  to  it  in  slacking  it  than  to  Eockland 
lime,  because  the  former  swells  considerably  more,  showing 
its  greater  purity. 

For  the  purest  lime  requires  the  most  water  in  slacking, 
and  the  more  water  it  consumes  the  more  will  it  swell,  while 
the  most  swelling  lime  will  give  the  most  lime  paste ;  the 
greater  quantity  of  which  results  only  from  an  excellent 
purity  of  the  limestone. 

In  proportion  to  its  occurrence  in  Europe  lime  is  here  quite 
rare,  and,  as  I  am  informed.  New- York  uses  almost,  or  en- 
tirely, Bockland  or  Thomaston  lime,  from  Maine,  showing 
that  no  lime  of  considerable  extent  is  nearer  to  New- York. 
Eockland  has  a  considerable  lime  trade,  and  almost  controls 
the  market  of  the  northeastern  American  continent.  It  is 
apparent,  then,  that  even  the  sole  presence  of  limestone  ren- 
ders the  island  L'Etang  valuable,  it  having  the  great 
advantage  of  permitting  the  burning  of  lime  on  a  large 
scale,  in   the   easiest  and  cheapest  manner,  as  the  lime 


r 


22 

deposits  in  L'Etang  are  surroanded  everywhere  by  navigable 
water,  and  the  kilns  may  be  erected  in  any  appropriate  place 
on  the  shore,  rocks  for  a  foundation  being  present  every- 
where, so  that  neither  the  limestone,  nor  fuel,  nor  the  burnt' 
lime,  would  require  carting,  as  the  kilns  may  be  erected 
directly  in  the  limestone,  while  boats  could  procure  fuel,  and 
remove  the  burnt  lime. 

The  next  question  then  would  be,  which  lime-kiln  was 
the  most  appropriate.  We  should,  of  course,  here  think  only 
of  perpetually  working  kilns,  and  not  of  the  primitive  ones 
now  in  use.  Of  perpetual  lime  furnaces  I  know  two  kinds, 
namely,  such  in  which  the  layers  of  lime  and  fuel  are  intro- 
duced alternately,  and  others  which  contain  no  fuel,  but  are 
merely  heated  by  the  flame  of  the  fuel,  which  is  burnt  in  a 
furnace  alongside  of  the  main  kiln,  and  where  no  ashes  or 
cinder  become  mixed  with  the  lime.  In  the  choice  of  those 
kinds  of  perpetual  furnaces  only  the  fuel  can  be  of  influence, 
and  the  kind  of  fuel,  which  can  be  obtained  cheapest  in  those 
localities,  will  decide  the  question  of  the  choice  of  furnaces. 

Without  endeavors  to  influence  your  plans,  I  herewith 
place  at  your  disposal  my  experience  relative  to  fuel.  The 
difference  of  locality  between  Lubeck,  Maine  and  L'Etang  is 
but  small,  and  you  might  find  some  information  about  the 
former  useful  in  establishing  your  lime-kilns  in  L'Etang. 

Coming  to  Lubeck  in  1862,  I  found  the  price  of  a  cord  of 
soft  wood,  placed  at  our  wharf,  $2,  and  I  concluded  to  raise 
steam,  and  to  heat  our  melting  furnaces  with  wood.  This 
was  hardly  done,  when  the  neighbors,  finding  they  could  sell 
us  wood,  raised  the  price  to  $3,  and  in  the  course  of  a  year 
to  $4  per  cord,  at  which  price  I  finally  was  served  with  a 
small  measure,  and  forced  to  take  green  wood.  As  even  this 
was  furnished  only  at  a  time  convenient  to  the  sellers,  I  had 
to  keep  so  large  a  stock  of  the  same  that  it  had  fully  time  to 
dry,  although  the  abundance  of  rain  and  fog  in  that  locality 
rendered  drying  a  diflicult  matter,  requiring  the  constant 
attention  of  several  men,  and  occupying  an  immense  space, 
which  was  not  very  pleasant,  considering  the  risks  of  fire. 
In  fact,  I  did  lose  250  cords  at  one  time,  through  an  incen- 
diary ;  while  the  necessary  transportable  roof  was  a  constant 


\ 


Hnvf!>nrw«*i^v« 


23 

source  of  expense,  although  it  was  indispensable,  the  value 
of  green  wood  being  merely  one-half  of  that  of  the  dry,  to 
say  nothing  of  stoppages  and  increased  expenses  in  the  shape 
of  wages. 

I  used  as  much  as  three  to  four  cords  of  wood  to  get  steam 
of  fifty  pounds  of  pressure  during  the  ten  working  hours, 
when  I  had  to  stop  the  engine  frequently  for  want  of  steam, 
while  a  ton  of  coal  would  easily  keep  all  the  requisite  steam, 
and  the  firing  could  be  attended  to  by  the  engineer ;  saving, 
in  this  manner,  the  wages  of  a  fireman.  Consequent  upon 
this  experience,  I  don't  recommend  wood  for  lime-kilns.  For 
melting  galenas  I  use  cupolas,  without  using  any  flux.  This 
furnishes  a  lead  containing  slag,  which  I  melt  over  occasion- 
ally, for  which  I  chiefly  used  gas  coke,  from  New- York, 
which,  though,  contained  too  much  ashes  and  about  one- 
quarter  of  their  volume. in  cinders.  As  1  used  coke  before 
18C2,  in  New- York,  which  left  hardly  any  cinders,  I  conclude 
that  the  quality  of  gas  coke  is  not  always  to  be  relied  upon, 
and,  therefore,  should  not  advise  their  use  for  burning  lime 
in  L'Etang,  especially  as  the  price  would  render  it  impracti- 
cable, the  freight  from  New- York,  and  perhaps  duty,  to 
L'Etang,  being  considerable.  About  anthracite  coal  I  can 
express  no  opinion,  as  I  have  never  used  it.  Most  likely  it 
would  be  well  adapted  for  burning  lime  when  used  in  alter- 
nate layers  with  lime.  But  this  coal  can,  as  far  as  I  know, 
not  be  had  in  L'Etang  from  the  British  side,  and  its  export 
from  the  United  States  would  enhance  its  price.  Anthra- 
cite, like'  coke,  would  answer  well  for  a  lime-kiln  in  New- 
York  if  the  cost  of  transportation  of  limestone,  and  the  loss 
of  a  great  part  of  the  lime  market,  woi'e  no  obstacle  to  such 
an  enterprise.  I  should  then  suggest  to  burn  the  lime  in 
L'Etang  witli  Nova  Scotia  coal,  which  is  worth,  at  the  wharf 
at  Pictou,  $2  50,  in  British  money,  while  the  freight  will 
not  exceed  $2  per  ton.  For  this,  then,  only  a  lime-kiln,  with 
a  furnace  at  its  side,  would  be  indicated  ;  this  I  should  pre- 
fer in  all  cases,  as  ashes  and  cinders  cannot  spoil  the  purity  of 
the  lime  ;  further,  because  tlie  limestone  may  be  introduced 
in  larger  pieces  into  the  kiln  than  if  it  is  put  in  in  layers  with 
fuel,  so  that  more  "  lump-lime,"  worth  $2  12^,  can  be  pro- 
duced, and  less  "  common  lime,"  worth  $1  70.     The  process 


24 


of  burning  can  also  be  carried  on  with  more  exactness,  as 
the  lime  can  be  withdrawn  whenever  burnt  enough,  which 
is  impracticable  where  fuel  and  lime  are  in  the  same  fur- 
nace. If  here  there  is  too  little  coal,  the  lime  will  not  burn 
through,  but  remains  stony,  at  least  partly ;  but  if  there  is 
too  much  fuel,  the  latter  is  wasted,  increasing  the  cost  of 
manufacture,  while  it  is  a  great  deal  more  difficult  to  regu- 
late the  fire  and  to  control  the  process.  The  space  in  the 
kiln,  with  a  separate  fireplace,  is  also  better  utilized,  the 
place  of  fuel  being  occupied  by  lime,  which  is  then  produced 
faster  in  the  same  space  of  time,  the  quantitative  advantage 
of  this  furnace  over  the  other  being  about  fifty  per  cent., 
while  the  larger  expenditure  of  fuel  will  not  be  over  twenty 
per  cent,  over  that  of  the  other  kiln. 

In  my  own  lime-kilns  in  Europe  I  never  obtained  from 
the  kilns,  containing  fuel  and  limestone,  over  10  startin 
(1,000  gallons)  in  24  hours,  frequently  less  than  that, 
while  the  kilns  with  separate  fires  produced  easily  1,500  to 
1,600  gallons,  the  cost  of  fuel  being  in  the  former  case  10  fl. 
and  12  only  in  the  last  per  day,  while  the  use  of  superheated 
steam  increased  the  production  to  2,000  gallons  without 
using  additional  fuel.  In  the  kilns,  with  alternate  charges  of 
lime  and  fuel,  I  could  not  make  use  of  the  steam,  as  I  shall 
explain  in  the  continuation  of  my  report,  which  I  shall  trans- 
mit to  you  soon.  I  shall'  then  also  give  you  an  estimate 
of  the  cost  of  working  baryta,  fluor-spar,  &c.,  as  well  as  the 
cost  of  the  lime-kilns. 

I  shall  then  also  enlarge  upon  cement  lime,  which  I  can- 
not do  to-day,  knowing  that  analyses  of  such  minerals  can- 
not always  determine  the  value  of  such  cements.  I  have 
seen  very  good  cements  differing  greatly  in  their  composition, 
while  1  have  seen  others  of  almost  identical  composition,  of 
which  the  one  was  good,  the  other  poor.  I  deem  it  the  best 
trial  to  bum  and  grind  such  a  mineral,  and  find  at  once  how 
it  hardens  and  endures  influences.  For  this  purpose  I  took 
several  minerals  from  Frye's  Island,  and  shall  report  to  you 
as  soon  as  I  have  flnished  my  experiments. 

Yery  respectfully  your  obedient, 

Simon  Keites. 

West  Lubec,  20th  IJovembcr,  1866. 


25 


James  F.  "Wenman,  Esq. :  ''  '  ' 

Dear  Sir, — On  the  6tli  inst.  I  had  the  pleasure  to  proceed 
with  Lewis  Feuchtwanger,  M.  D.,  Alexander  Trippel,  met- 
allurgist, 18  Exchange  Place,  and  Ant.  Piez,  chemist  of  the 
Barjtes  Works,  Union  Course,  Long  Island,  together  with 
Thos.  Fenner,  Esq.,  of  New- Jersey,  and  yourself,  to  Frye's 
Island,  in  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  New-Brunswick,  to  ex- 
amine tlie  same  for  minerals  of  economic  value  in  this  and 
other  markets.  At  Eastport  we  were  joined  by  Henry  Frye, 
Esq.,  the  proprietor  of  the  island. 

The  general  and  extended  report  of  the  island  had  already 
been  prepared  by  Dr.  Feuchtwanger. 

It  was  my  pleasure  to  confirm  this  report  in  detail  and 
general,  as  in  all  respects  essentially  correct. 

The  economic  minerals,  which  appear  to  me  to  be  of  the 
most  immediate  importance,  are  as  follows,  viz. : 

Limestone  for  calcining  and  sending  to  Halifax,  St.  John, 
Boston,  New- York  and  other  markets. 

The  main  body  of  limestone  is  from  100  to  200  yards  wide, 
and  runs  N.  N.  E.  and  S.  S.  W.  through  th6  whole  island. 
Much  of  it  is  nearly  pure  carbonate  of  lime,  of  white,  drab 
and  dove  color.  Some  bands  in  it  contain  magnesia,  judging 
from  weather  exposures,  perhaps  enough  to  make  good 
hydraulic  cement  on  burning  and  grinding. 

This  point  should  be  tested  by  chemical  analysis. 

The  limestone  comes  out  boldly  to  the  water,  on  either  end 
of  the  island,  thus  oflering  great  facilities  for  the  erection 
of  kilns  and  for  shipping. 

Quartz. — Quartz  veins,  of  which  there  are  in  this  belt  of 
limestone  eight  or  more  of  clear  saccharine  quartz.  They 
are  from  five  to  fifteen  or  more  feet  broad,  and  from  their 
freedom  from,  iron  and  other  impurities,  fit  them  perfectly 
for  glass  blowing,  pottery  and  other  uses,  where  pure  silex  is 
wanted  in  the  arts. 


Fluor-Spar. — In  the  same  belt  of  limestone  there  are 

VEINS   OF  FLUOR-SPAR  OR  FLUATE  OF  LIME.        Of   thcSC   I    eX- 


26 

amined  three.  One  of  two  feet  wide,  one  of  one  and  a  half, 
and  another  which  was  much  wider,  but  not  so  free  from 
other  mineral ;  outcroppings  of  numerous  other  veins  were 
noticed. 

Barytes. — This  mineral,  at  the  present  of  the  highest 
importance.  As  I  measured  the  principal  vein,  at  the  mill, 
it  was  five  feet  wide,  with  a  "  horse"  coming  up  from  the 
bottom,  and  having  a  vein  of  silver  lead  running  parallel 
with  it,  on  the  west  side,  with  fluor  and  silex  accompanying. 

The  belt  of  limestone  holding  this  vein  and  other  veins  of 
barytes,  I  found  to  be  about  fifty  paces  wide  on  the  N.  E., 
and  three  hundred  and  fifty  paces  long,  until  it  dips  beneath 
the  waters  of  Back  Bay. 

Throughout  its  whole  extent  there  are  signs  of  barytes. 
Still  further  inland  there  is  another  belt  of  limestone,  sepa- 
rated from  the  first  by  a  belt  of  slate,  which  also  contains  a 
vein  of  barytes,  which  outcrops  facing  the  S.  E.,  and  is 
visible  between  a  core,  near  the  foundation  of  an  old  house 
and  the  barn. 

There  are  doubtless  many  other  veins  hidden  in  the  deep 
foliage  covering  the  land. 

Argentiferous  Galena,  which,  though  not  of  major  im- 
portance, may  be  sufficiently  so  to  be  worked  with  other 
minerals,  and  thus  utilized. 

The  richness  of  the  outcrop  will  warrant  sinking  to  deeper 
depths  to  test  the  vein  for  richer  deposits. 

Yellow  Ochre. — Of  this  mineral  there  appears  to  be  a  large 
quantity,  and  which  could  be  saved  while  working  some  of 
the  fluor  veins,  and  perhaps  also  by  itself. 

Barytes  and  limestone  I  conceive  to  be  of  the  greatest 
economical  importance,  and  from  either,  or  both  of 'them,  I 
doubt  not  a  most  profitable  mining  business  can  be  estab- 
lished upon  the  island. 

The  ores  of  pyrites,  both  of  copper  and  iron,  with  blende 
I  have  examined,  and  they  appear  very  rich  and  pure  ;  but 


o 

V 


0 

a 

P 
a 


f 


27 

owing  to  the  want  of  time,  and  the  prevalence  of  raiUj  the 
veins  of  these  minerals  I  did  not  explore.  ^ 

Respectfully  yours,  &c., 

R.  P.  Stevens, 

Mining  Geologist. 
New-York,  Sept.  28,  1866. 


New-Yoek,  Sept.  26, 1866. 
Ja&.  F.  Wenman,  Esq. : 

Dear  Sir, — The  drab-colored  lime  mentioned  in  the  report 
of  Dr.  Stevens  proves  to  be  of  more  value  than  was  at  first 
anticipated,  as  it  is  a  rich  magnesian  limestone,  suitable  for 
producing  the  best  hydraulic  lime  or  cement,  and  having  half 
a  barrel  of  the  same  on  hand,  will  take  the  first  opportunity 
of  testing  practically  its  qualities  for  that  purpose.  I  have 
analyzed  the  lime  last  summer,  and  have  now  submitted 
another  sample  to  my  friend.  Prof.  Ferd.  F.  Meyer,  an  ex- 
perienced analytical  chemist,  and  he  sends  me  to-day  the 
following  report : 

42  Cedar-steeet,         ) 
mW'York,  JSept.  26,  1866.  f 

Dr.  L.  Feucutwanger,  Chemist : 

Dear  Sir, — The  N.  B.  limestone  which  you  submitted  to 
me  for  examination  21st  inst.  has  the  following  composition : 

Carbonate  lime, 55.66  per  cent. 

"         magnesia, 28.94       " 

"         iron, 1.08       " 

Sand,  clay,  (fee, 13.40      " 

Carbon, 92      " 

100.00       " 

I   i  (Signed,)  Feed.  F.  Meyee. 


I  shall  report  to  you  the  results  after  a  practical  test  has 
been  made  with  that  on  hand. 

I  remain  yours  truly, 

Lewis  Feuchtwanger,  M.  D. 


Continuation  of  my  Itejport  of  the  20^A  of  J^ovemher,  1866, 
about  the  useful  minerals  and  their  uses  on  Fryers  Island. 

In  my  last  report  I  spoke  of  the  burning  of  lime  with 
superheated  steam,  and  promised  an  explanation  of  the  pro- 
cess and  the  use  of  the  steam,  which  can  only  be  employed 
in  the  kilns  with  a  separate  fireplace.    Every  practical  and 
rational  lime  producer  knows  that  lime  requires  a  greater 
heat  and  exposure  to  it  for  a  longer  time  with  the  greater 
amount  of  carbon  or  carbonic  acid  it  contains.    This  may  be 
surprising  to  men  who  know  carbonic  acid  to  be  one  of  the 
weakest  acids,   and  therefore  easiest  to  be  expelled,  but 
practice  teaches  the  opposite,  and  it  is  easier  to  expel  one  of 
the  otherwise  strongest  acids,  like  sulphuric  from  gypsum, 
than  carbonic  acid  from  its  combination  with  lime.     This 
fact  may  easily  be  explained  when  we  consider  that  the 
carbon  has  to  absorb  a  great  deal  of  oxygen  before  it  becomes 
volatile  as  carbonic  acid,  and  that  the  carbon  is  in  a  state  in 
which  it  requires  the  strongest  white  heat,  with  access  of 
air,  in  order  to  render  the  carbon  volatile  as  carbonic  acid, 
f  i.  in  the  diamond ;  and  we  also  find  the  coal  in  a  state  in 
which  we  cannot  render  it  volatile  at  all,  as  in  the  graphite. 
But  the  carbonic  acid  of  the  lime  escapes  easier  than  is 
generally  supposed,  and  the  great  heat  required  to  expel  it 
entirely,  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  gas  is  a  very  heavy  one, 
and  after  expulsion,  surrounds  the  lime  with  a  coat  of  gas, 
preventing  the  free  escape  of  the  carbonic  acid  in  the  interior 
of  the  lime.    The  escape  of  this  surrounding  carbonic  acid  is 
rendered  difficult,  because  it  requires  a  great  heat  to  rarify  it 
sufficiently  to  rise ;  on  rising,  it  meets  colder  limestone,  is 
cooled,  rendered  heavy  again,  and  will  cease  to  rise  until  the 
heat  following  will  heat  it  up  anew,  and  so  gradually  expel 


w 


lias 


it  into  the  atmosphere.  This  slow  process  is  facilitated  by 
the  introduction  of  superheated  steam  under  the  grates.  The 
steam  passes  the  burning  coal,  becomes  decomposed  into  its 
elements,  hydrogen  and  oxygen,  of  which  the  former  burns 
with  intense  heat,  and,  being  a  very  light  gas,  rises  with  great 
velocity,  carrying  along  the  heavy  carbonic  acid,  while  it 
unites  with  oxygen  only  very  high  up  at  the  top  of  the  kiln, 
where  the  resulting  water  can  d>  ro  injury  to  the  lime.  The 
other  constituent,  oxygen,  conduces  to  the  complete  combus- 
tion of  the  fuel,  i.  e.,  the  production  of  a  high  degree  of  heat. 
For  this  purpose  the  steam  has  to  be  dry,  not  condensed  in 
the  pipes ;  as  in  this  case  the  heat  of  the  fuel  does  not  suffice 
to  decompose  the  water  into  its  elements,  it  enters  the  kiln 
in  the  state  of  steam,  which  is  highly  deleterious  to  the  lower 
layers  of  lime,  burned  through  already.  According  to  my 
own  experience,  the  lime  produced  in  this  manner  surpasses 
by  one-third  that  produced  in  the  common  way  with  the 
same  amount  of  fuel.  The  advantages  of  this  process  are 
rendered  impossible  in  those  kilns  charged  alternately  with 
lime  and  fuel,  because  in  them  the  lowest  part  of  the  lime  is 
already  burnt  and  cooled,  and  would  condense  the  steam  to 
water,  which  is  destructive  to  the  lime.  The  introduction  of 
the  steam  at  the  top  of  the  kiln  would  render  the  use  of  clay 
pipes  necessary,  (iron  would  melt,)  the  small  openings  of 
which  could  hardly  be  kept  open  or  their  breaking  prevented ; 
while  with  the  sinking  of  the  top  of  the  charge  in  the  pro- 
gress of  the  process,  the  steam  would  alternately  strike  the 
hot  coal  and  the  lime,  which  it  would  destroy.  Not  passing 
through  burning  coal,  the  steam  would  not  be  decomposed, 
it  could  not  be  evenly  distributed  over  the  entire  mass  by 
introducing  it  sideways,  as  is  the  case  when  it  enters  under- 
neath and  rises  evenly  through  the  entire  mass,  exerting  its 
influence  upon  every  single  stone  of  the  mass.  After  this 
somewhat  voluminous,  but,  as  I  think,  necessary  explanation, 
I  should  be  in  favor  of  using  the  perpetual  lime-kiln,  with 
separate  sideways  fireplace,  on  L'Etang  or  Frye's  It^land,  as 
it  is  the  most  economical.  The  expense  of  erecting  either  of 
the  two  perpetual  kilns  mentioned  is  about  alike,  the  one 
with  a  separate  furnace  at  its  side  requiring  perhaps  three 


I 
<  I 


I; 


h   i 


30  • 

days  more  labor.  I  would  also  recommend  to  leave  between 
the  inner  fireproof  brick  wall  and  the  exterior  stone  wall  an 
empty  space  of  four  inches,  which  could  be  filled  out  with 
ashes.  This  would  give  the  twofold  benefit  of  preserving  the 
exterior  wall,  when  the  inner  one  should  expand  by  the  heat, 
from  cracking,  which  would  take  place  if  both  walls  were  in 
close  connection,  even  if  iron  hooks  were  used  in  abundance 
to  compress  the  walls. 

The  ashes  also  retains  the  heat  better  in  the  kiln,  being  a 
poor  conductor  of  heat.  I  should  further  recommend,  to 
use  no  mortar  of  any  kind  in  the  construction  of  the  lining 
wall  of  the  kiln,  as  also  in  the  main  furnace,  both  of  which 
should  be  built  entirely  dry,  so  as  to  be  movable  under  the 
influence  of  the  heat,  which  would  dry  out  and  crack  mortar, 
rendering  the  structure  very  loose.  It  would  also  be  advan- 
tageous to  construct  the  kiln,  at  least  to  a  height  of  four  feet, 
of  soapstone,  as  the  lime  does  not  nielt  fast  to  the  latter, 
which  is  the  case  with  bricks,  and  then  prevents  the  even 
descent  of  the  lime,  ^v  liich  occasionally  is  suspended  in  the 
kiln  for  several  hours,  imtil  upon  cooling  it  contracts  and 
cracks  off.  The  fall  of  the  large  mass  then  breaks  it  up  to 
minute  fragments,  decreasing  the  volume  and  price  of  the 
lime,  to  say  nothing  of  the  loss  of  time. 

In  constructing  this  lower  part  of  soapstone  this  interrup- 
tion is  prevented,  as  the  lime  descends  regularly,  preserving 
the  size  of  the  pieces  which  they  contain  in  the  kiln. 

Are  the  dimensions  of  the  kiln  such  that  the  fires  on  its 
side  meet  at  the  centre  of  the  kiln,  while  its  top  is  neither 
too  high,  nor  too  wide,  nor  too  narrow,  its  capacity  may  be 
at  least  100  barrels  per  day,  but,  with  the  use  of  superheated 
steam,  could  be  increased  to  125  to  135  barrels  per  day, 
while  the  kiln  would  stand  for  years.  The  only  repairs, 
probably,  required  annually,  would  be  the  fire-arches,  which 
could  rapidly  be  repaired.  I  should  also  recommend,  for 
coal  as  a  fuel,  the  use  of  step-grates,  (Trazzawosh,)  as  well 
as  a  funnel-shaped  opening  for  the  introduction  of  coal, 
which  then  would  never  cool  down  the  fires,  but  would 
become  red-hot  before  entering  the  fire-place,  accelerating  in 
this  manner  the  process,  while  it  produces  a  saving  of  fuel, 


63 


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n-Mimmmmmmm 


mmiimttHmmmmm 


T -Bra»; . -ivai^TST- (nft--?»?*t.  - ' 


between 
3  wall  an 
3ut  with 
rving  the 
the  heat, 

were  in 
undance 

being  a 
lend,  to 
le  lining 
)f  which 
ider  the 
mortar, 
)  advan- 
3ur  feet, 
3  latter, 
le  even 
I  in  the 
pts  and 
t  up  to 

of  the 

terrup- 
erving 

on  its 
either 
lay  be 
leated 

day, 
pairs, 
vhich 
1,  for 

well 
coal, 
rould 
agin 
fuel, 


31 

and  preserves  the  grate-bars  for  a  longer  period,  as  they  can  be 
kept  easier  free  from  ashes  and  cinders  than  in  the  common 
arrangement  of  grate-bars. 

The  expense  of  such  a  kiln  would,  according  to  my  local 
experience,  be  as  follows : 


Quarrying  the  stones, 

A  charge  of  lime  burned  in  the  present  kilu,  . 

Sand  on  the  Sea-Coast. 

Screening  and  carting, 

Four  bricklayers  for  36  days,  at  $3  per  day. 
Five  brick-carriers,  at  $1  50  per  day,  ($1  Engl.,) 
Fire-arches,  &c.,  two  men  for  ten  days,  at  $3, 
Three  iron  doors,  &c.,  at  $20, 
Grates,  funnels,  iron  plates,         .         .         .         . 
Three  iron  carts  for  carting  the  hot  lime,  at 


$300  00 

200  00 

60  00 

432  00 

270  00 

60  00 

60  00 

60  00 

120  00 

$1,552  00 

To  this  may  be  added  the  fire-bricks,  2,500  common  bricks, 
arch-stones,  and,  if  possible,  soapstones,  1,000,  of  the  size  of 
common  fire-bricks,  of  which  I  do  not  know  the  price,  but 
which  you  can  learn  in  New-York  ;  besides,  for  about  $100 
scaffolding. 

The  manufacturing  expenses,  calculated  for  a  daily  pro- 
duction of  but  100  barrels,  would  be  about  as  follows  per 
month : 


Limestone  per  day,  ten  cubic  feet,  the  quarrying 

would  cost,  at  $25  per  day,  per  month,    . 
Filling  the  furnace  with  limestone  and  barreling 
.  the  lime,  at  $3  per  day,       .... 
Two  firemen,  at  $2  per  day, 
Coal  per  day,  $10  at  most,      .... 

Monthly  expenses, 
Of  the  requisite  barrels  I  don't  know  the  price, 
but  assume  the  same  to  bo  25  cents  per  barrel. 


$750  00 

90  00 
120  00 
300  00 

$1,2G0  00 

750  00 
$2,010  00 


r 


> 


Of  the  100  barrels  made  per  day,  or  3,000  per 
month,  2,000  would  be  lump-lime,  worth,  at 
|2  00, 4,000  00 

1,000  common  lime,  at  $1  50,        .        .        .  1,600  00 

Total, $5,500  00 

Substracted  from  this,  the  monthly  expenses  of    2,010  00 


Leaves  a  monthly  profit  of 


.    $3,490  00 


The  most  unfavorable  result,  then,  could  be  $3,490  per 
month.    AVhen  favorable,  the  same  would  be  as  follows : 

130  barrels  per  day,  or  monthly,  $3,900,  of  which  3,000,  at 
$2,  and  900  per  $1  50,  would  give  $7,350,  monthly  returns. 

The  additional  expense  for  quarrying,  barrels  and  freight 
would  be  but  slight,  and  is  compensated  by  the  lower 
estimate  of  lump-lime  at  $2,  instead  of  $2  10,  and  of 
common  lime  at  $1  50,  instead  of  $1  70.  If  lime  should 
grow  cheaper,  the  same  would  be  the  case  with  wages, 
provision,  powder,  &c.  The  expense  of  keeping  steam  is 
but  slight,  requiring  only  to  heat  the  water  to  60  pounds 
pressure,  at  which  a  small  amount  of  fuel  will  easily  keep  it, 
as  but  little  is  consumed,  the  steam  entering  every  furnace 
through  twelve  apertures  of  the  size  of  a  pin's  head,  so  that 
one  boiler  can  supply  several  furnaces. 

If  we  count  the  cost  of  the  first  furnace  at  $2,000,  the  first 
month's  expenses  at  $2,000,  besides  the  capital,  to  get  a  stock 
of  coal,  storehouse  for  the  finished  lime,  and  wharfage  again, 
at  $2,000,  this  entire  first  expense  would  be  $6,000,  which 
would  leave  at  once  a  net  monthly  gain  of  $2,000. 

If,  of  those  $2,000,  $1,000  are  further  employed  for  the 
erection  of  new  furnaces,  steam-boiler,  &c.,  &c.,  and  $1,000 
be  distributed  amongst  the  stockholders,  three  months  would 
sufiice  to  erect  another  furnace,  and  doubk  the  income.  I 
should  further  advise,  to  buy  or  charter  at  Ita -u  two  schooners 
for  the  transportation  of  the  lime,  baryta,  fluor-spar  and 
quartz,  besides  the  other  ores,  and  pay  to  the  captains,  as 
customary  here,  one- third  of  the  freight,  to  enable  them  to 


ii 


^^^g|g|glggj,^g^lg|||g 


mgm 


33 

pay  off  their  men  and  to  pay  their  expenses,  and  I  feel 
confident  that  the  return  freight  from  New- York,  Boston  or 
Portland  would  more  than  cover  the  cost  of  transporting  the 
lime.  This  much  about  lime,  of  which  I  believe  I  have 
spoken  in  a  clear  and  distinct  manner,  vouching  for  all  my 
statements,  and  being  ready  to  carry  them  out  accordingly. 
Baryta,  fluor-spar  and  quartz  can  be  placed  at  the  wharf, 
ready  for  transportation,  for  $10  per  ton,  costing  much  less 
now,  where  they  can  be  broken  on  the  surface  of  the 
ground,  while  their  production  from  shafts  100  feet  deep 
will  never  cost  over  $10  per  ton.  As  I  don't  know  the 
present  value  of  those  things,  I  shall  only  add,  that  their 
quantities,  present  upon  this  island,  are  sufficient  for  all 
future  demands.  Many  other  trades  might  be  carried  on 
here  successfully,  but  as  this  does  not  belong  within  the  scope 
of  this  report,  I  shall  speak  of  it  to  you  at  some  future  time. 
Whenever  you  should  carry  out  this  enterprise,  I  wish  to 
participate  with  $1,000,  provided  I  have  the  management  of 
the  matter  in  my  own  hands,  and  I  should  cheerfully  invest 
more,  or  the  entire  sum,  if  I  had  it.  But  above  named  sum 
is  always  at  your  disposal.  The  cement  lime  I  had  not  yet 
time  to  examine,  but  shall  do  so  in  the  course  of  a  week,  and 
shall  report  to  you  about  it. 


I  remain,  respectfully,  your  obedient, 


Sm.  Eeiteb. 


;i 


■t'X.  .: 


!*■■ 


-'tis 


